The number of Prucchakas can be 8 (Ashtavadhanam) or 100 (Sataavadhaanam) or even 1000 (Sahasravadhanam). All the tasks are memory intensive and demand an in-depth knowledge of literature, and prosody. It requires a good memory and tests a person's capability of performing multiple tasks simultaneously. Īvadhanam is a literary performance popular from the very ancient days in Sanskrit and more so in Telugu and Kannada languages. There are some Satakas which are divided into ten groups of ten verses called Dasaka which is adopted from Prakrit. (Popular satakas: Sarveshvara sataka, Kalahastishvara sataka, Dasarathi Sataka) Dvipada means two feet ( couplet) and Sataka means hundred (a cento of verses). Īs Champu Kavyas and Prabandhas were beyond the comprehension of masses, new devices for the dissemination of knowledge among the people were developed in the form of the Dvipada and Sataka styles. Although it is the dominant literary form, there are exceptions: for example, Tikkana composed Uttara Ramayana entirely in verse. Telugu literature uses a unique expression in verse called Champu, which mixes prose and poetry. Katha : Style of religious storytelling.Īshtadiggajas have written in all three of the Prabandham genres during the Prabandha yugam.Navala: Navala is a written, fictional, prose narrative normally longer than a short story.Avadhānam: Avadhanam involves the partial improvisation of poems using specific themes, metres, forms, or words.DaŚaka (anthology): Dasakam or Dashakam comprises ten poems.Satakams are usually devotional, philosophical or convey morals. Hence, a Satakam is a volume (book) of hundred poems. The name derives from Śata, which means a hundred in Sanskrit. Śatakam (anthology): Satakam is a literary piece of art.The occasion and circumstances under which the work is undertaken is next stated. Kāvyam: Poem which usually begins with a short prayer called a Prarthana, containing initial auspicious letter "Sri" which invokes the blessings of the God.Prabandham: Stories in verse form with a tight metrical structure and they have three forms mentioned below.The various forms of literature found in Telugu are: Traditional Hindu knowledge systems such as astrology, law, grammar, ballets, moral aphorisms, and devotional psalms to deities within the Hindu pantheon are characteristics of more popular works of Telugu literature. Religious literature consisted of biographies of the founders of religion, their teachings ( Sara) as well as commentaries ( bhashya). In the eighteenth-century, marriages of heroes under the title Parinaya, Kalyana and Vivāha became popular. Such titles are examples of what would become the most common subject matter of poetry. Literary works are drawn from episodes of the Puranas under the name Akhyana or Khanda became popular along with depictions of the fortune of a single hero under the title of Charitra, Vijaya, Vilasa and Abhyudaya. įrom the sixteenth century onwards, rarely known episodes from the Puranas would form the basis for the tradition of Telugu-language kavya. Poets and scholars drew most of their material from, and spent most of their time translating epics, such as the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata and the Puranas, all of which are considered to be storehouses of Indian culture. Subject matter Įarly Telugu literature is predominantly religious in subject matter. In addition, historical information is available from inscriptions that can be correlated with the poems there are several grammars, treatises, and anthologies that provide illustrative stanzas and there is also information available from the lives of the poets and the traditions that they followed. Among these are the prologues to their poems, which followed the Sanskrit model by customarily giving a brief description of the writer, a history of the king to whom the book is dedicated, and a chronological list of the books he published. There are various sources available for information on early Telugu writers. 5.1.4 Nannaya Bhattarakudu or Adi Kavi (1022–1063 AD).5.1.1 The Pre-Nannayya Period (before 1020 AD).
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